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Bonnaya antipoda

(L.) Druce (1914)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Linderniaceae Genus: Bonnaya

false pimpernel

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems erect or decumbent, and then usually rooting at lower nodes, 2–3 dm long, branched at base, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate,1–2.5(–5) cm long, 0.6–0.8(–1) cm wide. Surfaces glabrous. Margins entire to remotely serrate. Sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers solitary in the leaf axils or sometimes appearing racemose by reduction of upper leaves, pedicels 2–17 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), pedicels present; bracteoles absent. . Calyx cleft nearly to base, lobes linear–lanceolate, subequal, 3–5 mm long, Calyx lobes 5. Corolla pale violet or violet blue to pale blue or white, 8–13 mm long, upper lip entire, lower lip 3-lobed, middle one slightly larger than lateral ones, the tube 3–7 mm long, corolla bilabiate, upper lip overlapping lower lip in bud, erect, lower lip wider than upper lip, 3-lobed, the lobes unequal. Fertile stamens 2, posterior; filaments unapendaged. Reduced stamens 2, anterior; filaments slightly curved, glandular. Ovary superior, carpels 1, 2-carpellate, 2-locular, placentation axile; ovules orthotropous, unitegmic, tenuinucellate; style 1; stigma 1, 2-lobed.

Fruit: Capsules cylindrical; 5–14 mm long. Seeds oblong to ellipsoid; ca. 0.5 mm long; reticulate.

Ploidy: 2n = 36

Habitat: Naturalized in mesic sites at least in Waipi‘o Valley.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (42)

Bonnaya bracteata Griff. (1854)
Bonnaya cyanea Griff. (1854)
Bonnaya grandiflora (Retz.) Spreng. (1824)
Bonnaya penicillata Nees (1847)
Bonnaya pulegiifolia (Vahl) Spreng. (1824)
Bonnaya rothii A.Dietr. (1831)
Bonnaya roxburghiana A.Dietr. (1831)
Bonnaya verbenifolia (Colsm.) Spreng. (1824)
Bonnaya veronicifolia var. angustifolia C.T.White & W.D.Francis (1922)
Bonnaya veronicifolia var. grandiflora (Retz.) Hook.f. (1884)
Bonnaya veronicifolia var. verbenifolia (Colsm.) Hook.f. (1884)
Cyrtandra capsularis Blanco (1837)
Cyrtandra glaberrima Blanco (1845)
Cyrtandra serrata Blanco (1837)
Didymocarpus blancoi Hassk. (1864)
Didymocarpus grandiflorus A.Dietr. ex Steud. (1840)
Gratiola grandiflora Retz. (1786)
Gratiola pulegiifolia Vahl (1804)
Gratiola racemosa Roxb. (1820)
Gratiola roxburghiana Schult. (1822)
Gratiola verbenifolia Colsm. (1793)
Henckelia grandiflora (Retz.) A.Dietr. (1831)
Ilysanthes antipoda (L.) Merr. (1917)
Ilysanthes serrata (Thunb.) Makino (1940)
Ilysanthes verbenifolia (Colsm.) Kerr ex Barnett (1962)
Ilysanthes veronicifolia var. verbenifolia Makino (1925)
Lindernia anagallis var. grandiflora (Retz.) Mukerjee (1945)
Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston (1931)
Lindernia antipoda subsp. verbenifolia (Colsm.) Bennet (1979)
Lindernia pachypoda (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum. (1912)
Lindernia verbenifolia (Colsm.) Pennell (1943)
Pyxidaria pachypoda (Franch. & Sav.) Kuntze (1891)
Roettlera capsularis Kuntze (1891)
Ruellia antipoda L. (1753)
Ruellia serrata Thunb. (1815)
Tittmannia colemannii Benth. (1831)
Torenia gracilis Benth. (1831)
Vandellia anagallis var. verbenifolia (Colsm.) T.Yamaz. (1955)
Vandellia antipoda (L.) T.Yamaz. (1955)
Vandellia pachypoda Franch. & Sav. (1878)
Vandellia serrata (Thunb.) Nakai (1935)
Vandellia verbenifolia (Colsm.) Haines (1922)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Potentially naturalizing
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Bibliography

Name Published In: Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3: 415 (1913 publ. 1914)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1242 (H [as Lindernia antipoda]); Oppenheimer 2004:17 (WM); Fischer et al. 2013:220 (Syn. L. antipoda = B. antipoda)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce kohala, waipio valley Muddy ditch on floor of valley, with Monochoria, Ludwigia, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. luce, l. collector number: 7172 Hawaii BISH 7/19/1987
2 Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce Morgan Toledo Taro Farm, Waipio Valley, Big Island, Hawaii Growing on edge of taro loi directly mauka of Toledo home. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. 2005-094.5 Hawaii BISH 3/19/2005
3 Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce W Maui, Wailuku District, Waikapu Growing along side drainage ditch adjacent to Honoapi`ilani Hwy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H80215 Maui BISH 8/30/2002
4 Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce W Maui, Wailuku District, Waikapu Growing along side drainage ditch adjacent to Honoapi`ilani Hwy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H80215 Maui BISH 8/30/2002
5 Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce morgan toledo taro farm, waipio valley, big island, hawaii Growing on edge of taro loi directly mauka of Toledo home. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN crago, l.m. imada, c.; erickson, t.; puttock, c. collector number: 2005-094.5 Hawaii BISH 3/19/2005
6 Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce Kohala, Waipio Valley Muddy ditch on floor of valley, with Monochoria, Ludwigia, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7172 Hawaii BISH 7/19/1987
7 Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce Waikapu. Along side drainage ditch adjacent to Honoapi'ilani Hwy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80215 Maui PTBG 8/30/2002
8 Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce Morgan Toledo Taro Farm, Waipio Valley, Big Island, Hawaii Growing on edge of taro loi directly mauka of Toledo home. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. Imada, C.; Erickson, T.; Puttock, C. Collector Number: 2005-094.5 Hawaii BISH 3/19/2005
9 Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce w maui, wailuku district, waikapu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h80215 Oahu BISH 8/30/2002
10 Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge, Managed Wetland Unit B1. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Uyehara, K.J. s.n. Kauai BISH 9/5/2012
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